![]() ![]() J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 38:1305–1310Ĭhien CC, Kao CM, Chen CW et al (2008) Application of biofiltration system on AOC removal: column and field studies. Water Res 45:6355–6361Ĭhen Q, Ni J (2011) Heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification by novel isolated bacteria. ![]() ![]() Water Res 44:1072–1081īoon N, Pycke BFG, Marzorati M, Hammes F (2011) Nutrient gradients in a granular activated carbon biofilter drives bacterial community organization and dynamics. Chemosphere 185:105–118īichai F, Barbeau B, Dullemont Y, Hijnen W (2010) Role of predation by zooplankton in transport and fate of protozoan (oo)cysts in granular activated carbon filtration. CRC Press, Boca Ratonīenstoem F, Nahrstedt A, Boehler M et al (2017) Performance of granular activated carbon to remove micropollutants from municipal wastewater-a meta-analysis of pilot and large scale studies. Biotechnol Bioeng 26:1418–1424īansal RC, Goyal M (2005) Activated carbon adsorption. Desalination 280:326–331īakke R, Trulear MG, Robinson JA et al (1984) Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms: steady state. In: World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST-2014), pp 31–34Īryal A, Sathasivan A, Adhikari RA (2011) Evidence that BAC treatment enhances the DOC removal by enhanced coagulation. Environ Technol 35:2923–2934Īreerachakul N (2014) Performance of granular activated carbon comparing with Activated Carbon (bagasse) biofiltration in wastewater treatment. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88:1183–1190Īndersson A, Laurent P, Kihn A et al (2001) Impact of temperature on nitrification in biological activated carbon (BAC) filters used for drinking water treatment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 59:257–272Īlslaibi TM, Abustan I, Ahmad MA, Foul AA (2013) A review: production of activated carbon from agricultural byproducts via conventional and microwave heating. J Environ Chem Eng 6:7185–7191Īktaş Ö, Çeçen F (2007) Bioregeneration of activated carbon: a review. Investigations related to organic matter removal in biological activated carbon filters are more explored when compared to ammonia removal however, high efficiencies of ammonia removal have been reported.Īgudosi ES, Abdullah EC, Mubarak NM et al (2018) Pilot study of in-line continuous flocculation water treatment plant. These strategies, for instance, can include operational changes in contact times or in backwashing regimes. However, strategies to enhance the biological activity, and consequently biodegradation efficiency should be considered. Various scientific studies point out the remarkable ability of activated carbons to adsorb organic matter when compared to their performance for organic matter biodegradation. Operating parameters, such as contact time, backwashing regime and filtration rate, adopted for the filter operation and the biofilm growth in the activated carbon media were also discussed, as they may influence the treatment performance. Thus, the potential of biological activated carbon filters in removing organic matter and ammonia for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater was reviewed. Simultaneously to organic matter removal, biological activated carbon filtration can potentially remove the nutrient nitrogen commonly present in contaminated water resources and municipal wastewater, especially under the form of ammonia which is very harmful when discharged into the environment and toxic to living organisms. These biodegradable organic compounds may be responsible for bacterial regrowth in water distribution systems and also for increasing the formation of by-products during disinfection processes due to their capacity to react with disinfectants such as chlorine. Biological activated carbon filters provide solutions to remove organic matter from drinking water and municipal wastewater, mainly biodegradable organic compounds not easily removed in conventional treatments based on physical–chemical processes. ![]()
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